越南会安海岸高尔夫俱乐部。高尔夫球场设计：Robert Trent Jones II；景观设计：WATG；摄影：Gary Lisbon

Vietnam’s Hoiana Shores Golf Club. Golf Architect – Robert Trent Jones II; Landscape – WATG. Photographed by Gary Lisbon.

过去的一年充满了不确定性，带来了社会文化的重要转型：

Despite its tumultuous uncertainty, the past year has anchored several cultural movements:

业主和开发者们现在有机会可以改变高尔夫球场单一用途的模式，令其吸引更广泛的受众。

Owners and developers now have an opportunity to adapt the current single-use model and make golf resorts more attractive to a broader audience.

与此同时，高尔夫运动正盛行。

Golf, meanwhile, has surged.

然而，这些面积达90至100公顷的开阔场地，往往一天接待不到200人。这些高尔夫球场的开发往往出于以下两点原因：

However, these huge land parcels, sometimes as large as 90–100 hectares, are often used by fewer than 200 people a day. Their development is mostly driven by one or two factors:

没有人会质疑后者的持续有效，但是有迹象显示，在有些地方，前者已经越发不重要。这就带来了问题：如何在特定的地点和市场中重塑高尔夫体验？我们见证了生活方式酒店以及酒店中家庭类设施的增长，现在迎来高尔夫的闪光时刻。高尔夫度假区业主和开发商现在可以改变球场单一化使用的现状，令其吸引更广泛的受众。将球场及周边社区打造得更具实用性和可持续性，并带来更多的收入。

Nobody doubts that the second point remains valid, but evidence does suggest that, in some locations, the first argument gets weaker and weaker. Which begs the question: how can the golf experience be reimagined for specific locations and markets? Just like we’ve witnessed the rise of lifestyle hospitality and family amenity, golf too can have its moment. Owners and developers now have an opportunity to adapt the current single-use model and make golf resorts more attractive to a broader audience. And make the land and surrounding community more useful and sustainable. And the parcel more profitable.

当然，有人肯定会问：即使在全球疫情之下，高尔夫运动也依然盛行，那么还有必要考虑这些吗？

Of course. it’s fair to ask: if golf is already enjoying success, even during a global pandemic, are these considerations necessary?

是的，有必要。这一年发生的文化转型，赋予我们响亮而肯定的回答。

These cultural movements lead us to answer that question with a resounding yes.

我们可以充分利用这些文化转型所带来的机遇，设计出吸引更多业主的全年适用性社区。

By addressing the opportunities that have been elevated by this year’s cultural shifts, we can design communities with year-round appeal to a more diverse population of invested residents.

保加利亚色雷斯悬崖高尔夫及海滩度假酒店。高尔夫球场设计：Gary Player Design ；总体规划设计：WATG ；摄影：Macankov Design

Bulgaria’s Thracian Cliffs Resort. Golf Architect – Gary Player Design; Master Plan – WATG. Photographed by Macankov Design.

度假社区转变为全年住宅

Resort communities are now full-time residences

随着工作、学习和生活集中于同一地点，人们需要更大的住所，并为这些活动寻求更开放、更富于灵感的空间。以往的度假住宅或第二寓所，现在成为了人们主要的住所。这些居民的行为习惯相应地改变了，需要打造更综合的便利设施和整体体验以配合其更广泛的年龄层和兴趣偏好。

As working, learning and living converge in one place, people seek larger homes, more open and inspiring spaces for each of these activities. Places that were once considered vacation destinations or second home communities are becoming primary residences. Resident demographics shift accordingly, requiring a wider mix of amenities and overall experiences to reflect the broader range of ages and interests.

与此同时，居家的禁闭感迫使人们离开拥挤的都市社区来到自然中的开阔空间。城市不得不重新规划其绿色空间，而郊外住宅区则须配备充足的便利设施，以满足城市居民的期望，如咖啡店、餐厅和文化场所等。人们对户外休闲活动空间的需求也扩大了，由此带给了高尔夫球场新的机遇，高尔夫俱乐部成为社区成员的公园和聚会的场所，不再仅为高尔夫球手们所使用。

At the same time, the feeling of being cooped up at home is pushing a growing number of people out of dense urban neighborhoods toward more open space and nature. Cities have been forced to rethink green space, while suburban communities must now ensure they’re providing access to a broader range of amenities expected by former city dwellers – such as cafes, restaurants and cultural venues. This also increases the spatial need for active outdoor recreation, and again points to the opportunity for golf courses and their clubhouses to serve as ready-made parks and community meeting places for all residents, not just golfers.

俄罗斯米尔溪乡村俱乐部  高尔夫球场设计：EGD；总体规划：WATG；摄影：EGD

Russia’s Mill Creek Country Club. Golf Architect – EGD; Master Plan – WATG. Photographed by EGD

长线投资需更灵活多样的收入来源

More flexible and diverse revenue streams are increasingly required for long-term ROI

这些重要的社会和文化转型发生的同时，众多企业和国民经济面临着预算的大幅缩减。每一笔费用都需要经过严格审核，投资回报率至关重要，并为长期的灵活性和韧性做好规划。开发者们面临的是机遇，甚至是义务，将未曾被充分利用的空间改造为变现的手段。作为规划设计师，我们可以创造灵活的多功能空间来实现这一点。在高尔夫的球场中，创造高尔夫玩家与非玩家都可以使用的、互不干扰的空间。

These significant social and cultural shifts are happening at the same time that many businesses and civic economies are facing drastic budget shortfalls. Every expense is up for scrutiny, ROI is essential, and long-term flexibility and resilience must be planned for. Developers have an opportunity, and even an obligation, to monetize spaces that were previously underutilized. As designers, we can help by creating spaces that support more flexible and diverse uses – and that, in this specific case, accommodate both golf and non-golf uses without adversely affecting the enjoyment or safety of either.

有两类活动可以与高尔夫球场的运营相结合：

There are two types of activities that can be intertwined with golf:

那些同时进行的活动，可在高尔夫球手们到达特定球洞前后的时段利用部分球场空间。例如，高尔夫球手们正在前九洞开球的时候，晨间瑜伽课可以在最后九洞的草坪上进行。独立的慢跑小径可以设在发球区、果岭和球道的安全距离处。而那些在球场运营结束后进行的活动，最重要的是发现风景优美的适宜地点，远离果岭、发球区和生物栖居地等脆弱地带。按照高尔夫球场的常规，活动结束后需修整清理场地，为第二天的打球做好准备，而在球场中巧妙规划的临时或短期设施并不会影响这一工作。高尔夫球场里可以举办各种沉浸式体验活动，例如在日落时分的湖畔举办厨师晚宴，或在静谧的树林中举办读书会等。这些活动可以成为高尔夫俱乐部或住宅社区的收入来源。

With concurrent uses, parts of the course can be utilized before and after golfers reach specific holes. For example, a morning yoga class can take place on a scenic patch of grass on the back nine, while golfers tee off on the front nine. Separate jogging tracks and trails can also be established at safe distances from the tees, greens and fairways. For afterhours events, it’s a matter of finding the most suitable or picturesque locations away from fragile areas such as greens, tee boxes, and ecological habitats. Operationally, events will require breakdown and cleanup before the next day’s golf begins, but temporary and/or pop-up facilities designed at strategic locations around the course make this easily achievable. Just imagine the potential of immersive events such as chef’s dinners on a lake’s edge at sunset, or book readings in a secluded forest area. Such events and activities could be popular money earners for the golf club or residents’ association.

越南会安海岸高尔夫俱乐部 高尔夫球场设计：Robert Trent Jones II；景观设计：WATG；Gary Lisbon摄影。

Vietnam’s Hoiana Shores Golf Club. Golf Architect – Robert Trent Jones II; Landscape – WATG. Photographed by Gary Lisbon.

以设计平衡高尔夫球场的纯粹与业绩

Balancing golf course design for both purity and performance

确保安全、避免噪音和视觉干扰是高尔夫球场设计规划中的主要考虑因素，而当其他活动也设在该场地时，这些因素就更加关键。每一位高尔夫球手都会告诉你，安静和专注对于他们是多么重要。如果看到有人跑步或骑车经过，或者听到附近活动的噪音，都会令球手分心，形成干扰。所以在高尔夫活动进行的同时，非高尔夫的活动必须退避和遮挡，最好尽可能远离果岭和发球台。

Safety, noise and visual distraction are major considerations during the design and planning phase of any golf course, but their significance is greatly increased when other adjacent activities are planned for the same property. Any golfer will tell you that serenity and concentration are critical to their game. Seeing joggers or bikers go by or hearing noise from nearby events will quickly become a distraction and a nuisance. Spaces for non-golf uses that take place during the golf day must be set back and screened and should preferably be as far from greens and tees as possible.

作为景观设计规划师，我们可以推荐场地使用策略和战略性的绿化种植方案，以恰当的密度和高度形成巧妙的遮挡。精心地挑选本地原生植物，令其自然生长以减少维护成本，提升生物多样性和高尔夫球场的生态价值，增强其审美价值和环境魅力。

As landscape architects and planners, we can recommend specific land-use strategies and strategic plantings that are selected for their ability to provide screening through density and/or height. Carefully choosing native plants and then allowing them to grow naturally also reduces maintenance costs and increases the biodiversity and ecological value of the golf course, improving its aesthetic and environmental appeal.

在空间允许的前提下，在高尔夫球场安全距离范围内的规划用地可以转变为果蔬生产基地，为地产项目带来更长远生存能力，令其成为具有可持续性的自给自足社区。葡萄园及果园与高尔夫球场及度假区的策略完美契合，可以在这一战略方向上进一步拓展，为居民菜地、蔬菜和香草以及其他食用植物提供空间，并通过社区支持农业(CSA)服务以及“从农场到餐桌”的餐厅等开辟更多的收入来源。

When space permits, strategically planned parcels of land that are a safe distance from the golf course can also be converted to food producing spaces, strengthening a development’s long-term viability as a sustainable and self-reliant neighborhood. Vineyards and orchards pair nicely with golf and a resort’s event strategy but, expanding on that idea and creating space for resident allotments, vegetables and herbs, and other edible plantings opens even greater possibilities for revenue through CSA subscriptions or farm-to-table restaurants.

这一规划的意图并非要创造对所有人开放的公共空间，众多以高尔夫为核心的地产项目和度假区以其私密和专属性而著称。高尔夫度假区的特色正从远离都市的休闲目的地转变为具有归属感的社区。一旦人们与其居住地建立了紧密的联系，就会产生强烈的归属感，正是这种感性创造出了人们希望驻足、生活、工作和娱乐的地方。

The intent isn’t to create a public space that welcomes the masses. Many golf-based developments and resorts pride themselves for their privacy and exclusivity. The personality of the golf resort is shifting from a destination for escape to a neighborhood of belonging. A greater sense of place is established when there are stronger ties between people and the land they inhabit, and it’s this sensibility that creates places where people increasingly want to be – to live, work and play.